(1) Cylinder block:- It is the main part of the engine in which all the cylinders are takes inside the cylinder block. The material are used in which the material can resist high pressure and High Temperature like Grey Cast iron or Aluminium. Cylinder block also have the water jacets in the water cooled engine.
(2) Cylinder Head:- It is also the main part of the engine. It is the top portion of the cylinder block. It contains Inlet valve, Outlet Valve, Sparkplus or Fuel injector and also the water jackets. Cast iron and Aluminium alloys are used as the material of the cylinder head.
(3) Crankcase:- It is the bottom part of the engine. It is also bolted with the cylinder bloack at the bottom. It supports the shafts like Camshaft and Crankshaft which are in the crankcase. Cast iron, aluminium alloy and alloy steels are the material used for making crankcase.Oil sump or Oil pan is also fitted at the bottom of the crankcase, it contains lubricating oil. The material used for making Oil sump is steel sheet.
(4) Piston:- It is the cylindrical part in engine which is reciprocates inside the cylinder. and It transmits the force of explosiom in the cylinder to the crankshaft through the connecting rod. Trunk Piston, Crossedhead Piston, Slipper Piston and Deflector Piston are the types of the Piston. Cast iron, Chrome Nickel alloy, Nickle alloy, Aluminium alloy and Cast steel are the material used for Piston. Wear, Crack, Seizure and Erosion are the types of Failure.
(5) Piston Rings:- These rings are used to maintain air tight sealing between cylinder and piston. There are two types of piston rings that are compression ring and oil ring.
(6) Connecting Rod:- This part in engine is used to connect the Piston and Crankshaft. It has two ends that are Big End and Small End. Big end is connected to the crankshaft. and small end is connected to the piston by connecting pin.Aluminium alloy, Nickel alloy and plain carbon steel are material for connecting.
(7) Crankshaft:- This part in engine is used to convert reciprocating motion to rotary motion. This shaft are available in single crank type and multi crank type.hot billet steel, carbon steel, nickel chrominium are the materail used for crankshaft.
(8) Camshaft:- This is also the main part of the engine. It is usually used to convert rotary motion to linear motion. this linear motion operates inlet and outlet valves. An another camshaft is used to drive the fuel pump. Camshaft runs by the crankshaft by gear and chain drive. Chilled cast iron and Gray cast iron and billet steel are used as the material of camshaft.
(9) Flywheel:- It is also the main part of the engine.It is the perfectly balanced wheel with teeths outside the wheel. It stores energy uring power stroke and release energy suring other stroke. Cast iron is the material used for flywheel.
(10) Spark Plug:- It is the main part of the petrol engine. It sparks the air-fuel mixture after the compression stroke. it is usually mounted in the cylinder head.
(11) Valves:- These are used for opening and closing the space for air-fuel mixture and exhaust gases. These are of two types that are inlet valve and outlet valve.Plain nickel-chrome is used for making inlet valve. Silicon-chrome steel, High speed steel, Cobalts-chrome steel and Tungsten are the material used for making outlet or exhaust valve.